Problem: Distinction between tense vs. lax
Some examples of this include
/iy/ vs. /I/ ('beat' vs. 'bit')
/ey/ vs. /E/ ('bait' vs. 'bet')
/uw/ vs. /U/ ('boot' vs. 'book')
- A great way to teach this is by simply exaggerating your pronunciation of the vowels of these words. You can hold the sides of your cheeks or place the back of the hand under the chin to physically feel the difference when pronouncing the words.
- You can get students to write a short list of the two different vowel sounds. For example: bit/beat, ship/sheep, slip/sleep. This can provide students of a visual distinction between the words (short vs. long).
- To expand on the point above, pair up students. Get them to read/ask each other short sentences which include the words above. Their partner will have to listen for the distinction then answer which one is the correct word. For example: "John bit the dog." vs. "John beat the dog."
Problem: /E/ vs. /ae/ vs. /ĘŚ/ vs. /a/ as in 'bet', 'bat', 'but', and 'pot'
- As previously mentioned, a great way to teach this is by actually pronouncing the word, and using methods such as placing the hand under the chin to feel the difference.
- Make columns of different vowel sounds. For example: bet/bat, set/sat, pen/pan, men/man. You could have a picture of one of the words in the pair, then get the student to decide which word belongs to the picture.
- As a teacher, create sentences repeating the same vowel in the sentence. If you can, get your students to make sentences as they become more advanced. Examples include: "He sent the letter.", "She lent me ten dollars.", and "Ken did his best on the English test." Get students to dictate these sentences so they becoming more used to using them by repetition.


